From the late 13th century, Finland gradually became an integral part of Sweden as a consequence of the Northern Crusades. The Bronze Age and Iron Age were characterized by extensive contacts with other cultures in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region. The Stone Age introduced several different ceramic styles and cultures. įinland was first inhabited around 9000 BC after the Last Glacial Period. The land cover is primarily a boreal forest biome, with more than 180,000 recorded lakes. Finland's climate varies from humid continental in the south to the boreal in the north. Swedish is the native language of 5.2% of the population. Finnish, alongside Swedish, are the official languages. The vast majority of the population are ethnic Finns. Helsinki is the capital and largest city, forming a larger metropolitan area with the neighbouring cities of Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa. Finland covers an area of 338,455 square kilometres (130,678 sq mi) with a population of 5.6 million. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland across Estonia to the south. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.įinland ( Finnish: Suomi ( listen) Swedish: Finland ( listen)), officially the Republic of Finland ( Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland ( listen to all)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe.
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